Perfil epidemiológico de pacientes atendidos en la casa geriátrica del ISSTECH, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas 2025

Abstract

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar la estructura epidemiológica de los pacientes atendidos en el área de fisioterapia de la casa geriátrica del Instituto de Seguridad Social de los Trabajadores del Estado de Chiapas (ISSTECH), en Tuxtla Gutiérrez, durante el año 2025. Se analizaron variables como diagnóstico patológico, sexo, edad y ocupación para caracterizar el perfil de salud de la población. Los resultados evidenciaron una diferencia en la distribución ocupacional según el sexo, donde las mujeres se concentraron principalmente en actividades sedentarias y los hombres en oficios de alta demanda física. Las patologías más frecuentes fueron lumbalgia, cervicalgia, gonartrosis y hombro doloroso. En mujeres, estas se asociaron principalmente a posturas prolongadas, mientras que en hombres se relacionaron con sobrecarga mecánica y esfuerzo físico. Las lesiones traumáticas, como fracturas y esguinces, se presentaron con mayor frecuencia en hombres y deportistas. Asimismo, el evento cerebrovascular mostró mayor incidencia en ocupaciones sedentarias. En conjunto, se identificaron tres factores de riesgo principales: sedentarismo, sobrecarga mecánica y riesgo de traumatismos. En conclusión, el perfil epidemiológico permite establecer una relación entre ocupación, sexo y enfermedad, destacando la importancia de implementar estrategias fisioterapéuticas enfocadas en la prevención, rehabilitación y mejora de la calidad de vida en la población geriátrica. Thais estudió aimed to identify the epidemiological structure of patients treated in the physiotherapy area of the geriatric home of the Institute of Social Security of the Workers of the State of Chiapas (ISSTECH), located in Tuxtla Gutiérrez, during 2025. Variables such as pathological diagnosis, sex, age, and occupation were analyzed to characterize the health profile of the population. The results showed a clear occupational distribution difference by sex. Women were mainly engaged in sedentary activities, such as office work and household-related tasks, whereas men predominantly performed physically demanding jobs, including construction, machinery operation, and manual labor. These differences were directly associated with the type of pathologies observed. Musculoskeletal disorders, including low back pain, cervicalgia, gonarthrosis, and shoulder pain, were highly prevalent. In women, these conditions were mainly related to prolonged static postures and sedentary behavior, while in men they were associated with mechanical overload, repetitive movements, and physical strain. Traumatic injuries, such as fractures of the radius, ulna, tibia, and fibula, were more frequent in men, particularly in high-risk occupations. Additionally, ankle sprains and some fractures were commonly observed in athletes. Cerebrovascular events were more frequent among individuals in sedentary occupations, suggesting a relationship with risk factors such as physical inactivity, stress, and chronic conditions. Overall, three main risk factors were identified: sedentary lifestyle and prolonged posture, mechanical overload due to physical work, and trauma-related risks. In conclusion, the epidemiological profile highlights the relationship between occupation, sex, and disease, emphasizing the importance of physiotherapeutic interventions focused on prevention, rehabilitation, and health education to improve the quality of life of the geriatric population